Climate:
·
The sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large
area for a long period of time (more than thirty years) is called climate.
Weather:
·
The state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time is
called weather.
Monsoon:
·
This type of climate is mainly found in the south and Southeast
Asia.
·
The climate of India is of monsoon type.
·
The seasonal reversal in wind direction during a year is called
monsoon.
Coriolis Force:
·
An apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation is called
Coriolis Force.
·
The winds are deflected towards right in the northern hemisphere
and,
·
Towards the left in the southern hemisphere due to this force.
This is also known as ‘Ferrel’s Law’.
Jet Stream:
·
Fast flowing and narrow air currents are called jet streams.
·
The streams flow at high altitudes (about 12,000 feet) in the
troposphere.
·
Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to 184 km/h in
winter.
Western Cyclonic Disturbance:
·
The western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the
winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.
·
They usually influence the weather of the north and
north-western regions of India.
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ):
·
The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ,) is a broad trough of
low pressure in equatorial latitudes.
·
The northeast and the
southeast trade winds converge in this zone.
·
This zone lies more or
less parallel to the equator.
·
It moves north or south with the apparent movement of the sun.
CLIMATIC CONTROLS
There are six major controls of the climate of any place. They are:
There are six major controls of the climate of any place. They are:
1.
Latitude,
2.
Altitude,
3.
Pressure and wind system,
4.
Distance from the sea,
5.
Ocean currents and
6. Relief
features
Factors Affecting India’s Climate :
Latitude:
·
Hence, half of India has tropical climate and another half has
subtropical climate.
Altitude:
·
While the average elevation in the coastal areas is about 30
metre,
·
the average elevation in the north is about 6,000 metre.
·
The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from
entering the Indian subcontinent.
·
Due to this, the subcontinent gets comparatively milder winters
as compared to Central Asia.
Pressure and Winds:
· The
Indian subcontinent lies in the region of north-easterly winds.
· These
winds originate from the subtropical high-pressure belt of the northern
hemisphere.
· After
that, these winds blow towards south. They get deflected to the right due to
the Coriolis force and then move towards the low pressure area near the
equator.
· The north-easterly winds originate and blow
over the land and hence they carry very little moisture.
· India
should have been an arid land because of these winds but that is not the case.
· There
is high-pressure area towards the north of the Himalayas. Cold winds from this
region blow to the low pressure areas over the oceans in the south.
· During
summer, low-pressure area develops over interior Asia and also over northwestern
India. This results in a complete reversal of the direction of winds during
summer.
· Air;
from the high-pressure area moves over the southern Indian Ocean in a
south-easterly direction.
· It
crosses the equator and turns right towards the low-pressure areas over the Indian
subcontinent.
· These
winds are known as the Southwest Monsoon wind.
· They
collect moisture from the warm oceans and bring widespread rainfall over the
mainland of India.
· The upper air circulation in this region is
dominated by a westerly flow.
· Jet
stream is an important component of this flow.
· These
jet streams are called subtropical westerly jet streams because they are
located approximately over 27°-30° north latitude.
· The
westerly jet streams are responsible for western cyclonic disturbances in the
north and north-western parts of India.
· The
subtropical westerly jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with the apparent
movement of the sun.
· The
tropical jet stream (an easterly jet stream) blows over the Indian Peninsula;
approximately over 14° north during the summer
months.
sir pls continue ncert notes . it would be reallyy helpful
ReplyDeletei ll be really thankful.
ReplyDeleteW0W This blog attracts me a lot the information provided by you is nice thanks for sharing
ReplyDeleteUPSC Book Shop
UPSC Books
URGENT LOAN IS AVAILABLE NOW
ReplyDeleteTODAY I GOT MY DESIRED LOAN AMOUNT $760K FROM A RELIABLE,TRUSTED AND REGISTERED PRIVATE LOAN COMPANY LAST WEEK,BUSINESS/HOME/COMPANY/PROJECT/PERSONAL LOAN? ARE NOW AFFORDABLE HERE FOR YOU TODAY CONTACT Email profdorothyinvestments@gmail.com
Hello, I'm here to testify of how i got my real estate business loan from PROF. MRS.DOROTHY JEAN INVESTMENTS (profdorothyinvestments@gmail.com) I don't know if you are in need of an urgent loan to pay bills, start business or build a house, they offer all kinds of loan Ranging from $5,000.00USD to $2,000,000.00USD with a low interest rate of 2% and loan duration of 1 to 33 years to pay back the loan secure and unsecured. Are you losing sleep at nights worrying how to get a Legit Loan Lender?
MRS.DOROTHY JEAN holds all of the information about how to obtain money quickly and painlessly without cost/stress via Contacts Email profdorothyinvestments@gmail.com